Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease with grave physical,
emotional and socioeconomic consequences. Despite advances in targeted biologic and …

ATP, NAD+, and nucleic acids are abundant purines that, in addition to having critical
intracellular functions, have evolved extracellular roles as danger signals released in …

ATP and its ultimate degradation product adenosine are potent extracellular signalling
molecules that elicit a variety of pathophysiological functions in the kidney through the …

Adenosine is involved in a range of physiological and pathological effects through
membrane-bound receptors linked to G proteins. There are four subtypes of adenosine …

Adenosine has been implicated in suppressing the proinflammatory responses of classically
activated macrophages induced by Th1 cytokines. Alternative macrophage activation is …

The response to exogenous pathogens leads to activation of innate immunity through the
release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and their binding to pattern …

Intra-and extracellular adenosine levels rise in response to physiological stimuli and with
metabolic/energetic perturbations, inflammatory challenge and tissue injury. Extracellular …

The human adenosine A2B receptor (A2BR) is a class AG protein–coupled receptor that is
involved in several major physiological and pathological processes throughout the body …

The recent progress in crystallography of G-protein coupled receptors opens an
unprecedented venue for structure-based GPCR drug discovery. To test efficiency of the …

The recent determination of X-ray structures of pharmacologically relevant GPCRs has
made these targets accessible to structure-based ligand discovery. Here we explore …