OBJECTIVE: To review the literature of the past decade covering the epidemiology, clinical
characteristics, assessment, longitudinal course, biological and psychosocial correlates, and …

Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a multifactorial disorder with various clinical
presentations. Etiologic heterogeneity may partly underlie the phenotypic heterogeneity …

Genetic isolates, as shown empirically by the Finnish, Old Order Amish, Hutterites, Sardinian
and Jewish communities among others, represent a most important and powerful tool in …

Abstract The different 5-HT (serotonin) receptors including the serotonin transporter (5-HTT)
are candidate genes for affective disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and …

Objective: To find, review, and critically evaluate evidence pertaining to the phenomenology
of pediatric bipolar disorder and its validity as a diagnosis. Methods: The present qualitative …

Family, twin, and adoption studies show that psychiatric diseases including bipolar disorder
(BP) and unipolar disorder (UP) have a substantial genetic component. For these illnesses …

Polymorphisms in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) of the serotonin transporter and a
variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in the second intron have been widely …

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether age at onset variation reflects underlying genetic
heterogeneity in bipolar disorder, the authors examined the clinical and familial …

Age at onset of bipolar disorder might represent the penetrance of the system for specific
genetic liability involved in the genesis of the illness. Genetic factors influencing age at onset …

Although bipolar disorder in adults has been extensively studied, early-onset forms of the
disorder have received less attention. We review several lines of evidence indicating that …