The catecholamines hypothesis for the acute exercise-cognition interaction in humans fails
to adequately explain the interaction between peripherally circulating catecholamines and …

Damage to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) produces an unusual pattern of deficits. Patients have
intact cognitive abilities but are impaired in making everyday decisions. Here we review …

In the 20th century it was thought that novel behaviors are mediated primarily in cortex and
that the development of automaticity is a process of transferring control to subcortical …

Following the suggestion that midbrain dopaminergic neurons encode a signal, known as a
'reward prediction error', used by artificial intelligence algorithms for learning to choose …

Although research implicates lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in executive control and goal-
directed behavior, it remains unclear how goals influence executive processes. One …

Economic theories of decision making are based on the principle of utility maximization, and
reinforcement-learning theory provides computational algorithms that can be used to …

To a first approximation, decision making is a process of optimization in which the decision
maker tries to maximize the desirability of the outcomes resulting from chosen actions …

Reward‐related neural activities have been found in a variety of cortical and subcortical
areas by neurophysiological and neuroimaging experiments. Here we present a unified …

The regulation of cognitive activity relies on the flexibility of prefrontal cortex functions. To
study this mechanism we compared monkey dorsolateral prefrontal activity in two different …

Cognitive performance is affected by motivation. Few studies, however, have investigated
the neural mechanisms of the influence of motivation through potential monetary …