Striosomes form neurochemically specialized compartments of the striatum embedded in a
large matrix made up of modules called matrisomes. Striosome-matrix architecture is …

Highlights•Humans and animals seek information about uncertain future
rewards.•Information is valued for resolving uncertainty and signaling desirable …

The striosome compartment within the dorsal striatum has been implicated in reinforcement
learning and regulation of motivation, but how striosomal neurons contribute to these …

Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) constitute the vast majority of striatal neurons and the
principal interface between dopamine reward signals and functionally diverse cortico-basal …

The habenula (Hb) is a phylogenetically old epithalamic structure differentiated into two
nuclear complexes, the medial (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb). After decades of search …

The striatum plays a central role in guiding numerous complex behaviors, ranging from
motor control to action selection and reward learning. The diverse responsibilities of the …

The term extrapyramidal disorders is most often used for conditions such as Parkinson's
disease or Huntington's disease, but also refers to a group of extrapyramidal side effects of …

Learning valence-based responses to favorable and unfavorable options requires
judgments of the relative value of the options, a process necessary for species survival. We …

The basal ganglia represent an ancient part of the nervous system that have remained
organized in a similar way over the last 500 million years and are of importance for our …

The lateral habenula (LHb) is a phylogenetically primitive brain structure that plays a key
role in learning to inhibit distinct responses to specific stimuli. This structure is activated by …