With global climate change becoming increasingly serious, carbon neutrality, a key strategy
to mitigate climate change, has attracted widespread attention. However, due to the …

As a measure of ecosystems' contribution to human well-being, the concept of Gross
Ecosystem Product (GEP) is an integrated monetary index for the evaluation of final …

A profound transformation of China's energy system is required to achieve carbon neutrality.
Here, we couple Monte Carlo analysis with a bottom-up energy-environment-economy …

Chapter 3 takes a long-term perspective on climate change mitigation pathways. Its focus is
on the implications of long-term targets for the required short-and medium-term system …

Estimates of the social cost of carbon are the yardstick for climate policy targets. However,
there is great uncertainty and we do not know how estimates have evolved over time. Here I …

Carbon sequestration and storage in mangroves, salt marshes and seagrass meadows is an
essential coastal 'blue carbon'ecosystem service for climate change mitigation. Here we …

Global projections of macroeconomic climate-change damages typically consider impacts
from average annual and national temperatures over long time horizons,,,,–. Here we use …

Past CO2 emissions have been causing social costs and continue to reduce wealth in the
future. Countries differ considerably in their amounts and time profiles of past CO2 …

Enthusiasm for “greening the financial system” is welcome, but a fundamental challenge
remains: financial decision makers lack the necessary information. It is not enough to know …

Ecosystem functions and services support all life on earth and are directly or indirectly
related to human well-being. Meanwhile, island cities have concentrated populations …