The discovery that repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene are a frequent cause of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has revolutionized …

With aging, the nervous system gradually undergoes degeneration. Increased oxidative
stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death are …

Macroautophagy/autophagy, a defense mechanism against aberrant stresses, in neurons
counteracts aggregate-prone misfolded protein toxicity. Autophagy induction might be …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Proteolysis in eukaryotic cells is mainly mediated by the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system
(UPS) and the autophagylysosome system (hereafter autophagy). The UPS is a selective …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous
system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in …

Each protein must be synthesized with the correct amino acid sequence, folded into its
native structure, and transported to a relevant subcellular location and protein complex. If …

Misfolding, aggregation, and aberrant accumulation of proteins are central components in
the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Cellular molecular chaperone systems …

In autophagy long‐lived proteins, protein aggregates or damaged organelles are engulfed
by vesicles called autophagosomes prior to lysosomal degradation. Autophagy dysfunction …

Prolonging the healthy life span and limiting neurological illness are imperative goals in
gerontology. Age-related neurodegeneration is progressive and leads to severe diseases …