Managing empty-container movements is one of the most challenging logistics problems in
the shipping field. With the growth of global trade imbalance, the repositioning process has …

Empty container repositioning (ECR) is one of the most important issues in the liner shipping
industry. Not only does it have an economic effect on the stakeholders in the container …

The objective of this article is to provide a review of literature dealing with empty container
repositioning. This review is interlinked with a qualitative data analysis based on semi …

Efficient and effective management of empty containers and empty container repositioning is
an important issue in the liner shipping industry. Many alliance agreements of carriers have …

Container inventory imbalance (or under/over balanced, ie one carrier can be in an excess
situation while the other will be in deficit) is a severe problem that adds a substantial …

As one of main challenge for carriers, empty container repositioning is subject to various
uncertain factors in practice, which causes more operation costs. At the same time, the …

This paper evaluates the expected economic benefit that could be achieved by
interchanging containers between shipping lines by employing the popular game theoretic …

The research objective of this study is to reveal the facts and magnitude of empty container
movements (ECM) other than trade imbalances, which is called additional empty container …

Abstract Shipping Container Imbalance causes a substantial additional cost to carriers.
However there is no commonly accepted standard system in the industry to minimize the idle …

A key feature of the tank container (TC) operating industry is that customers overhold TCs to
provide temporary storage equipment for their contents rather than provide their own storage …