Sperm is particularly susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) during critical phases of
spermiogenesis. However, the level of seminal ROS is restricted by seminal antioxidants …

Background Natural products, whether pure compounds or standardized plant extracts, offer
unlimited opportunities for other drug sources due to the unequaled availability of chemical …

Curcuma longa is a rhizomatous perennial herb that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae,
native to South Asia and is commonly known as turmeric. It is used as herbal remedy due to …

While conventional medicine has advanced in recent years, there are still concerns about its
potential adverse reactions. The ethnopharmacological knowledge established over many …

Cigarette smoking (CS) is a crucial modifiable risk of developing several human diseases
and cancers. It causes lung, bladder, breast, and esophageal cancers, respiratory disorders …

Background: The predominant phytoestrogen in soy and derived products is the isoflavone
Genistein. Genistein has antioxidant properties. Morphine is a main psychoactive chemical …

The color of turmeric (薑黃 jiāng huáng) is because of a substance called curcumin. It has
different pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties …

Background: Thymoquinone as the main active component of Nigella sativa might have a
various pharmacological effects such as antiapoptotic and antioxidant. Morphine is …

Diabetes causes a systemic inflammatory response with increased oxidative stress and can
adversely effect spermatogenesis. Sickle‐weed plant, scientifically called Falcaria vlugaris …

Background Crocin, a carotenoid isolated from Crocus sativus L.(saffron), is a
pharmacologically active component of saffron. Nicotine consumption can decrease fertility …