The demand for nitrogen (N) for crop production increased rapidly from the middle of the
twentieth century and is predicted to at least double by 2050 to satisfy the on-going …

Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere but is generally the most limiting nutrient for plants.
The inability of many crop plants, such as cereals, to directly utilize freely available …

We need to feed an estimated population in excess of 9 billion by 2050 with diminishing
natural resources, whilst ensuring the health of people and the planet. Herein we connect …

Nitrogen fixing symbioses between plants and bacteria are ancient and, while not
numerous, are formed in diverse lineages of plants ranging from microalgae to …

Nitrogenase is the only enzyme capable of reducing N2 to NH3. This challenging reaction
requires the coordinated transfer of multiple electrons from the reductase, Fe-protein, to the …

Cereals such as maize, rice, wheat and sorghum are the most important crops for human
nutrition. Like other plants, cereals associate with diverse bacteria (including nitrogen-fixing …

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria from the order Nostocales are able to establish symbiotic
relationships with diverse plant species. They are promiscuous symbionts, as the same …

Nitrogenase harbors three distinct metal prosthetic groups that are required for its activity.
The simplest one is a [4Fe-4S] cluster located at the Fe protein nitrogenase component. The …

Highlights•Synthetic metabolic pathways to improve plant carbon efficiency.•Reducing
synthetic fertilizer usage in agriculture by optimizing plant nitrogen and phosphorous …

Nitrogen is an essential element of life, and nitrogen availability often limits crop yields.
Since the Green Revolution, massive amounts of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers have been …