In the field of transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES), open-loop and closed-
loop control strategies have been developed to restore functions of the lower limbs: walking …

Hybrid exoskeletons, which combine functional electrical stimulation (FES) with a motorized
testbed, can potentially improve the rehabilitation of people with movement disorders …

To combat the severity of neurological conditions (NCs), limit the complications, and reduce
the cost of treatment, researchers have turned to hybrid exoskeletons such as functional …

Motorized functional electrical stimulation (FES) induced cycling is a rehabilitation
intervention and exercise strategy that can benefit people with movement disorders. Power …

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is commonly used to facilitate cycling tasks for people
with lower-limb movement disorders. In this work, FES and motor controllers are designed to …

A focus of decades of research has been to develop nonlinear control strategies to
compensate for unstructured terms in a dynamic model that can be bounded by constants …

Hybrid exoskeletons are used to blend the rehabilitative efficacy and mitigate the
shortcomings of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and exoskeleton-based rehabilitative …

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is widely used in rehabilitation therapy to restore
motor function in patients with paralysis. FES cycling systems are used as one of the …

A common rehabilitation approach for individuals with SCI is the use of functional electrical
stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling. However, there are current efforts to overcome it …

This work presents a stability analysis for proportional-integral (PI) controllers for processes
with constant delays and time-varying delays. It is frequently reported in the literature that the …