Importance Worldwide, the burden of heart failure has increased to an estimated 23 million
people, and approximately 50% of cases are HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) …

Expansion of extracellular fluid volume is central to the pathophysiology of heart failure.
Increased extracellular fluid leads to elevated intracardiac filling pressures, resulting in a …

Neurodegenerative disorders are chronic and life-threatening conditions negatively affecting
the quality of patients' lives. They often have a genetic background, but oxidative stress and …

The enteric nervous system is largely autonomous, and the central nervous system is
compartmentalized behind the blood-brain barrier. Yet the intestinal microbiota shapes gut …

Homeostasis is a prerequisite for health. When homeostasis becomes disrupted, dysfunction
occurs. This is especially the case for the gut microbiota, which under normal conditions …

Diuretics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs and, although effective, they are
often used to treat patients at substantial risk for complications, making it especially …

The SLC22 transporter family consists of more than two dozen members, which are
expressed in the kidney, the liver, and other tissues. Evolutionary analysis indicates that …

Accumulating evidence indicates that asymptomatic hyperuricemia is involved in the
development of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. A 2-hit model has been proposed …

The predictive performance of physiologically‐based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models for
pharmacokinetics (PK) in renal impairment (RI) and hepatic impairment (HI) populations was …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a range of various pathophysiological processes
correlated with abnormal renal function and a progressive loss in GFR. Just as dysbiosis …