Parkinson's disease is characterised by a slow and progressive degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite intensive research, the cause of the …

Regular exercise is associated with pronounced health benefits. The molecular processes
involved in physiological adaptations to exercise are best understood in skeletal muscle …

Neuroinflammatory changes play a pivotal role in the progression of Parkinson's disease
(PD) pathogenesis. Recent findings have suggested that activated microglia may polarize …

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) represents a complex interaction between the inherent
vulnerability of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, a possible genetic predisposition, and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the
progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and depletion of dopamine …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the
substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Inflammation may be associated with the …

Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease [PD] is a process that occurs alongside the loss of
dopaminergic neurons, and is associated with alterations to many cell types, most notably …

Approximately 1.7 million people in the United States annually experience a traumatic brain
injury (TBI). 1 The number of unreported head injuries is much higher. Sports-related head …

Brain inflammation is a double-edged sword. It is required for brain repair in acute damage,
whereas chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders are neuropathogenic. Certain …

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme degrading heme to carbon monoxide, free iron, and
biliverdin, participates in the cell defence against oxidative stress and it has been …