Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), a key invention in nanoscience, has by now been
extended to a wide spectrum of basic and applied fields. Its application to basic science led …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was introduced in 1986 and has since made its way into
surface science, nanoscience, chemistry, biology, and material science as an imaging and …

The electrochemical reaction mainly occurs at the electrode/electrolyte interface in the
electrochemical system. For a fundamental insight into the interfacial reaction mechanism, in …

Fast scanning probe microscopy enabled via machine learning allows for a broad range of
nanoscale, temporally resolved physics to be uncovered. However, such examples for …

Imaging at the atomic scale using atomic force microscopy in biocompatible environments is
an ongoing challenge. We demonstrate atomic resolution of graphite and hydrogen …

Surface-layer (S-layer) proteins form the outermost envelope in many bacteria and most
archaea and arrange in two-dimensional quasicrystalline structures via self-assembly. We …

When in contact with charged solid surfaces, ionic liquids (ILs) are known to form solvation
structures consisting of alternating cation and anion layers. This phenomenon is considered …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been consistently supporting nanosciences and
nanotechnologies for over 30 years and is used in many fields from condensed matter …

Ambient operation poses a challenge to atomic force microscopy because in contrast to
operation in vacuum or liquid environments, the cantilever dynamics change dramatically …

The detection of vertical and lateral forces at the nanoscale by atomic force microscopy
(AFM) reveals various mechanical properties on surfaces. The qPlus sensor is a widely used …