Global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are increasing, and in Hawaiʻi, rates of ocean warming are projected to double by the end of the 21st century. However, current nearshore …
The distribution of benthic fauna and their community structure varies spatially and temporally in response to variations in environmental and ecological factors. Such variations …
The intertidal zone is a competitive environment for benthic dwelling organisms. On the south shores of Oʻahu, these zones contain a diverse array of algal species. Native and …