Abstract 3D-printed models fabricated from CT, MRI, or echocardiography data provide the
advantage of haptic feedback, direct manipulation, and enhanced understanding of …

Congenital heart diseases causing significant hemodynamic and functional consequences
require surgical repair. Understanding of the precise surgical anatomy is often challenging …

Neuroimaging technologies such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed
Tomography (CT) collect three-dimensional data (3D) that is typically viewed on two …

Survival in congenital heart disease has steadily improved since 1938, when Dr. Robert
Gross successfully ligated for the first time a patent ductus arteriosus in a 7-year-old child. To …

In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printed models have been incorporated into
cardiology because of their potential usefulness in enhancing understanding of congenital …

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has become important in the management of
patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly with pre-surgical planning …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology aiding diagnostics,
education, and interventional, and surgical planning in congenital heart disease (CHD) …

Nature has developed a wide range of functional microstructures with optimized mechanical
properties over millions of years of evolution. By learning from nature's excellent models and …

Translation of imaging into 3-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific phantoms (3DPSPs)
can help visualize complex cardiovascular anatomy and enable tailoring of therapy. The aim …

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heterogeneous group of congenital heart diseases
that require individualized surgical approach based on precise understanding of the …