The past decades have witnessed great progress in cancer immunotherapy, which has
profoundly revolutionized oncology, whereas low patient response rates and potential …

The tumor development and metastasis are closely related to the structure and function of
the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, TME modulation strategies have attracted …

Aim Clinical resistance is a complex phenomenon in major human cancers involving
multifactorial mechanisms, and hypoxia is one of the key components that affect the cellular …

Nanotherapeutics exhibit unique advantages in clinical outcomes compared with
conventional small molecular drugs. The past three decades have seen intensive research …

Macrophages have a leading position in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which paves the
way to carcinogenesis. Initially, monocytes and macrophages are recruited to the sites …

Cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development have significantly improved the fight
against cancers. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, particularly in the clinical …

Despite rapid advancements in the field of nanotechnology, there is mounting frustration in
the scientific community regarding the translational impact of nanomedicine. Modest …

With the development of nanotechnology, significant progress has been made in the design,
and manufacture of nanoparticles (NPs) for use in clinical treatments. Recent increases in …

Cancer has complex pathophysiology and is one of the primary causes of death and
morbidity across the world. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9
(CRISPR/Cas9) gene‐editing technology shows promise for manipulating single or multiple …