Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a
severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher …

Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the
environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic …

Worldwide, there are many large areas moderately contaminated with heavy metals and/or
organics that have not been remediated due to the high cost and technical drawbacks of …

Trace metals (TM) contamination is a severe problem in the environment and produced an
adverse effect on the productivity of crops. Cadmium (Cd) is a TM ranked seven among the …

The accumulation of proline is one of the defense mechanisms of plants against the harmful
effects of adverse environmental conditions; however, when pea plants were treated for 12 h …

The pollution of soil with heavy metals (HMs) has become an environmental problem of
global concern. Phytoremediation, whereby plants extract HMs from soil, can efficiently and …

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium,
iron, manganese, lead and zinc) in current-year, 1-year old and 2-year old needles of Pinus …

Plants have divergent defense mechanisms against the harmful effects of heavy metals
present in excess in soils and groundwaters. Poplars (Populus spp.) are widely cultivated …

Populus euphratica is a salt tolerant species, and Populus× canescens is a salt sensitive
species. Because stress tolerance is mediated by an array of overlapping defense …

This chapter focuses on the classification of metal ions according to their toxicity and physico-
chemical characteristics. It summarizes the adverse effects of toxic metals on Rubisco and …