Cultural heritage includes everything that mankind has created in the past and has impacted
the development of culture. These objects can be subject to biodeterioration, including the …

Geochemical cycles result in the chemical, physical, and mineralogical modification of rocks,
eventually leading to formation of soil. However, when the stones and rocks are a part of …

Caves have been an item of amateur and professional exploration for many years. Research
on the karst caves has revealed great diversity of bacteria, algae, and fungi living on stone …

Microbial activity has an important impact on the maintenance of cultural heritage materials,
owing to the key role of microorganisms in many deterioration processes. In order to …

The artificial lighting of caves adapted for touristic visits, leads to the appearance and
propagation of a complex community of phototrophic organisms known as “lampenflora” …

Caves present unique habitats for the development of microbial communities due to their
peculiar environmental conditions. In caves decorated with frescoes, the characterization of …

We investigated microorganisms dwelling on rocks, walls and paintings in two votive
chapels built in grottoes in the Region of Campania, Italy. One grotto was near the coast in …

Objectives: The cultural heritage (CH) represents the proof of human achievements from the
past in terms of historical and technological progress. One of the main issues regarding CH …

Objective: We investigated the efficacy of intravesical instillations of combined hyaluronic
acid (HA) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) in patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) …

Phlegrean Fields is a large volcanic area situated southwest of Naples (Italy), including both
cave and thermoacidic habitats. These extreme environments host the genus Cyanidium; …