This critical review summarizes the knowledge about fish skeletal tissues and inherent
normal and anomalous development. Particular emphasis is given to existing literature on …

A classification of teleostean cartilages is essentially an impossible task because of an
intergrading of tissues along an almost continuous spectrum of skeletal tissue types. Teleost …

Paired fins are a defining feature of the jawed vertebrate body plan, but their evolutionary
origin remains unresolved. Gegenbaur proposed that paired fins evolved as gill arch serial …

The evolution of novel cell types led to the emergence of new tissues and organs during the
diversification of animals. The origin of the chondrocyte, the cell type that synthesizes …

Although hyaline cartilage is widely distributed in various invertebrate groups such as
sabellid polychaetes, molluscs (cephalopods, gastropods) and a chelicerate arthropod …

Chordates evolved a unique body plan within deuterostomes and are considered to share
five morphological characters, a muscular postanal tail, a notochord, a dorsal neural tube …

Deuterostomes are a monophyletic group of animals containing vertebrates, lancelets,
tunicates, hemichordates, echinoderms, and xenoturbellids. Four out of these six extant …

Tissues similar to vertebrate cartilage have been described throughout the Metazoa. Often
the designation of tissues as cartilage within non-vertebrate lineages is based upon sparse …

Chrondrocranium, the cartilaginous skull, is one of the major innovations that underlie
evolution of the vertebrate head. Control of the induction and shaping of the cartilage is a …

Urochordates (ascidians) have recently supplanted cephalochordates (amphioxus) as the
extant sister taxon of vertebrates. Given that urochordates possess migratory cells that have …