Natural products are mainly secondary metabolites produced by plants, microorganisms,
and animals, which are still abundant in modern drug discovery. Terpenoids are the most …

Macroalgae are increasingly viewed as a source of secondary metabolites with great
potential for the development of new drugs. In this development, in vitro studies are only the …

The current 2019–2021 marine pharmacology literature review provides a continuation of
previous reviews covering the period 1998 to 2018. Preclinical marine pharmacology …

Inflammation is an organism's response to chemical or physical injury. It is split into acute
and chronic inflammation and is the last, most significant cause of death worldwide …

Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and
heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and …

This comprehensive review examines the diverse classes of pharmacologically active
compounds found in marine algae and their promising anti-inflammatory effects. The review …

Abstract Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are autoimmune diseases characterized by
chronic intestinal inflammation. Considered a western disease, IBD incidence in newly …

Macrophages are the mature form of monocytes that have high plasticity and can shift from
one phenotype to another by the process of macrophage polarization. Macrophage has …

As a major type of immune cells with heterogeneity and plasticity, macrophages are
classically divided into inflammatory (M1) and alternative/anti-inflammatory (M2) types and …

Inflammation is a defense mechanism of the body in response to harmful stimuli such as
pathogens, damaged cells, toxic compounds or radiation. However, chronic inflammation …