Caretakers are often intimidated or alienated by patients with borderline personality disorder
(BPD), compounding the clinical challenges posed by the severe morbidity, high social costs …

Background While multiple studies have examined the brain functional correlates of reward,
meta-analyses have either focused on studies using the monetary incentive delay (MID) …

The cerebellum generates internal prediction models and actively compares anticipated and
actual outcomes in order to reach a desired end state. In this process, reward can serve as a …

Both social and material rewards play a crucial role in daily life and function as strong
incentives for various goal-directed behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether the …

Abstract Recent innovations in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) have sped
data collection by enabling simultaneous scans of neural activity in multiple brain locations …

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) affects 15% to 20% of adolescents—disproportionately girls—
and is a strong predictor of eventual suicide attempts and suicide. Many girls now initiate …

Background Reward seeking and avoidance of punishment are key motivational processes.
Brain-imaging studies often use the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT) to evaluate …

Background Social exclusion (ostracism) can lead to interactional frustration and may play
an important role as trigger and symptom amplifier in affective disorders. To investigate …

Though a plethora of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies explored the
neurobiological underpinnings of borderline personality disorder (BPD), findings across …

Activation of parietal cortex structures like the precuneus is commonly observed during
explicit memory retrieval, but the role of parietal cortices in encoding has only recently been …