Many see the periaqueductal gray (PAG) as a region responsible for the downstream control
of defensive reactions. Here we provide a detailed review of anatomical and functional data …

Depression is a serious mental disease that, according to statistics, affects 320 million
people worldwide. Additionally, a current situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic has …

As antidepressant usage by the global population continues to increase, their persistent
detection in aquatic habitats from municipal wastewater effluent release has led to concerns …

Social behaviors are key components that play adaptive roles in various species, including
humans. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a social species and the shoaling behavior can be …

Environmental concentrations of the anxiolytic drug oxazepam have been found to disrupt
antipredator behaviors of wild fish. Most experiments exposed fish for a week, while …

Stress is known to modulate behavioral responses and rapid decision-making processes,
especially under challenging contexts which often occur in social and cooperative …

Tramadol is a widely used analgesic with additional antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.
This compound has been reported in continental waters reaching concentrations of µg/L as …

Social plasticity, defined as the ability to adaptively change the expression of social behavior
according to previous experience and to social context, is a key ecological performance trait …

Across vertebrates, the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a critical role in social and
vocal behavior. Dopaminergic neurotransmission also modulates these behaviors, and …

Simple Summary The release of medicinal products for human use in the aquatic
environment is now a serious problem, and can be fatal for the organisms that live there …