Abstract CD4+ T helper (Th) cells are critical for proper immune cell homeostasis and host
defense, but are also major contributors to pathology of autoimmune and inflammatory …

Along with microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages, macrophages in the perivascular
space, choroid plexus, and meninges are the principal effector cells in neuroinflammatory …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving infectious/inflammatory
disorder which has turned into a global pandemic. With severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases that affect an alarming
number of individuals. The etiological basis of ASD is unclear, and evidence suggests it …

Abstract Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in chronic inflammation
occurring during the pathogenesis of allergy, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases such …

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction and defects in oxidative metabolism are a
characteristic feature of many chronic illnesses not currently classified as mitochondrial …

Recent research unveiled a circadian regulation of the immune system in rodents, yet little is
known about rhythms of immune functions in humans and how they are affected by circadian …

Background: Astrocytes and microglia play an important role in the inflammatory process of
multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the associations between the cerebrospinal fluid …

The IL-10/IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) axis plays an important role in attenuating
neuroinflammation in animal models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and increased IL-10 has …

Background Fatigue is one of the most common and most disabling symptoms of multiple
sclerosis (MS). It is a multidimensional and complex symptom with multifaceted origins …