This paper presents a contemporary review of vertical coupling in the atmosphere and
ionosphere system induced by internal waves of lower atmospheric origin. Atmospheric …

This brief introductory review of some recent developments in atmosphere–ionosphere
science is written for the “Vertical Coupling Special Issue” that is motivated by the 5th …

The dynamical and thermodynamical importance of gravity waves was initially recognized in
the atmosphere of Earth. Extensive studies over recent decades demonstrated that gravity …

First high‐altitude observations of gravity wave (GW)‐induced CO2 density perturbations in
the Martian thermosphere retrieved from NASA's Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer …

Gravity waves have a significant impact on both the dynamics and energy budget of the
Martian thermosphere. Strong density variations of spatial scales indicative of gravity waves …

The last decade has seen rapid progress in understanding of mechanisms coupling the
upper atmosphere (thermosphere and ionosphere) with the atmospheric layers below it …

Wavelike perturbations in the Martian upper thermosphere observed by the Neutral Gas Ion
Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN …

Using a ground‐to‐exosphere general circulation model for Mars we have simulated the
variability of the dayside temperatures at the exobase during eight Martian years (MY, from …

This review recapitulates the concept of the wave-driven residual circulation in the
stratosphere and mesosphere. The residual circulation is defined as the conventional mean …

Our recently developed nonlinear spectral gravity wave (GW) parameterization has been
implemented into a Martian general circulation model (GCM) that has been extended to∼ …