We define a new concept of 'active milieu'that unifies all components of nervous tissue
(neuronal and glial compartments, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, and vasculature) …

The identification of the presence of active signaling between astrocytes and neurons in a
process termed gliotransmission has caused a paradigm shift in our thinking about brain …

Astrocyte Ca2+ signalling has been proposed to link neuronal information in different spatial–
temporal dimensions to achieve a higher level of brain integration. However, some …

Astrocytes have long been regarded as essentially unexcitable cells that do not contribute to
active signaling and information processing in the brain. Contrary to this classical view, it is …

Intracellular Ca2+ transients are considered a primary signal by which astrocytes interact
with neurons and blood vessels. With existing commonly used methods, Ca2+ has been …

Extracellular adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP) is a widespread cell-to-cell signaling
molecule in the brain, where it activates cell surface P2X and P2Y receptors. P2X receptors …

Control of the glutamate time course in the synapse is crucial for excitatory transmission.
This process is mainly ensured by astrocytic transporters, high expression of which is …

Astrocytes, the major glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), are critical for brain
function and have been implicated in various disorders of the central nervous system. These …

Recent breakthroughs in neuroscience have led to the awareness that we should revise our
traditional mode of thinking and studying the CNS, ie by isolating the privileged network of …

Memory formation in the brain is thought to rely on the remodeling of synaptic connections
which eventually results in neural network rewiring. This remodeling is likely to involve …