Respiratory symptoms cannot be relied on to make a diagnosis of asthma and/or airways
hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in elite athletes. For this reason, the diagnosis should be …

Athletes attempt to improve performance with drugs that act on the β‐adrenergic system
directly or indirectly. Of three β‐adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes, the β2‐AR is the main target in …

OBJECTIVES--To study the prevalence of asthma (asthma symptoms and bronchial
hyperresponsiveness) in Swedish cross country skiers compared with non-skiers and …

Drug use and abuse is perhaps the biggest challenge facing sport today. However, in the
eye of the storm of public and press opinion and with medals and morals at stake, it can be …

Many types of drugs are used by athletes to improve performance. This paper reviews the
literature on 3 categories of drugs: those that enhance performance as stimulants …

Aim: The aims of part II is to review the current recommended treatment of exercise‐induced
asthma (EIA), respiratory and allergic disorders in sports, to review the evidence on possible …

Inhaled β 2-agonists are commonly used as bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma.
Their use in athletes, however, is restricted by anti-doping regulations. Controversies remain …

Athletes often experience lower airway dysfunction, such as asthma and exercise‐induced
bronchoconstriction (EIB), which affects more than half the athletes in some sports, not least …

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) modulates several functions in skeletal muscle
fibers, including metabolism, ionic transport across the membrane, and contractility. These …

Purpose The ergogenic effect of acute beta2-adrenergic agonist administration in
nonasthmatic individuals has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, the acute effects of …