To maintain iron homeostasis within the cell, bacteria have evolved various types of iron
acquisition systems. Ferric iron (Fe3+) is the dominant species in an oxygenated …

1. Introduction 3082. Plan of this article 3123. Natural mechanisms of development of novel
protein functions 3133.1 Divergence 3133.2 Recruitment 3163.3 'Mixing and matching'of …

Zinc fingers are small protein domains in which zinc plays a structural role contributing to the
stability of the domain. Zinc fingers are structurally diverse and are present among proteins …

Despite the practically unlimited number of possible protein sequences, the number of basic
shapes in which proteins fold seems not only to be finite, but also to be relatively small, with …

Enzyme function conservation has been used to derive the threshold of sequence identity
necessary to transfer function from a protein of known function to an unknown protein. Using …

Technical advances on several frontiers have expanded the applicability of existing methods
in structural biology and helped close the resolution gaps between them. As a result, we are …

Intrinsically disordered proteins participate in important protein–protein and protein–nucleic
acid interactions and control cellular phenotypes through their prominence as dynamic …

The bottom-up approach to understanding the evolution of organisms is by studying
molecular evolution. With the large number of protein structures identified in the past …

We report a remarkably high UV-radiation resistance in the extremely halophilic archaeon
Halobacterium NRC-1 withstanding up to 110 J/m2 with no loss of viability. Gene knockout …

Complementary developments in comparative genomics, protein structure determination
and in-depth comparison of protein sequences and structures have provided a better …