Objective.—This article defines stress and related concepts and reviews their historical
development. The notion of a stress system as the effector of the stress syndrome is …

Stress is one of the commonest and underappreciated causes of reproductive frailty in
women. The stress system leads to adaptive responses via mobilization of hormonal …

Environmental events, both physical and emotional, can produce stress reactions to widely
varying degrees. Stress can affect many aspects of physiology, and levels of stress …

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis exerts profound, multilevel inhibitory effects on the
female reproductive system. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and CRH-induced …

Context: Secondary amenorrhea—the absence of menses for three consecutive cycles—
affects approximately 3–4% of reproductive age women, and infertility—the failure to …

In addition to the well-characterized role of the sex steroid receptors in regulating fertility and
reproduction, reproductive events are also mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, when activated by stress, exerts an
inhibitory effect on the female reproductive system. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) …

The stress system has suppressive effects on female and male reproductive function.
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), the principal regulator of stress, has been …

Chronic exposure to stressors increases HPA axis activity and concomitantly reduces HPG
axis activity. This antagonistic relationship between both these axes has been proposed to …

Obesity is a multifactorial heterogenous condition. The location of excess fat on the body
determines the risk of morbidity and mortality for significant disease. Visceral, or …