Pain is a multidimensional experience with sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational,
and cognitive-evaluative components. Pain aversiveness is one principal cause of suffering …

Chronic, pathological pain remains a global health problem and a challenge to basic and
clinical sciences. A major obstacle to preventing, treating, or reverting chronic pain has been …

Neuropathic pain can be a debilitating condition with both sensory and affective
components, the underlying brain circuitry of which remains poorly understood. In the …

Sex differences in pain severity, response, and pathological susceptibility are widely
reported, but the neural mechanisms that contribute to these outcomes remain poorly …

The opioid epidemic has led to a serious examination of the use of opioids for the treatment
of pain. Opioid drugs are effective due to the expression of opioid receptors throughout the …

The primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in the control of voluntary movements and is
extensively mapped in this capacity. Although the M1 is implicated in modulation of pain, the …

Itch, in particular chronic forms, has been widely recognized as an important clinical
problem, but much less is known about the mechanisms of itch in comparison with other …

The dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been recognized as a key cortical area for
nociceptive modulation. However, the underlying neural pathway and the function of specific …

Inflammatory pain is caused by peripheral tissue injury and inflammation. Inflammation
leads to peripheral sensitization, which may further cause central sensitization, resulting in …

Uncontrollable itch-scratching cycles lead to serious skin damage in patients with chronic
itch. However, the neural mechanism promoting the itch-scratching cycle remains elusive …