Ninety per cent of the 500 000 annual new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occur in
India/Bangladesh/Nepal, Sudan and Brazil. Importantly, 80–90% of human infections are …

Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are an inherent system of alloantigens, which are the
products of genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These genes span a …

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease of dogs, humans and other animals
caused by the intracellular macrophage parasite Leishmania infantum. We examined the …

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by dimorphic Leishmania species is a
parasitic disease with high socioeconomic burden in endemic areas worldwide. Sustaining …

Background The current disease model for leishmaniasis suggests that only a proportion of
infected individuals develop clinical disease, while others are asymptomatically infected due …

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania chagasi is endemic to northeast Brazil. A
positive delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test response (DTH+) is a marker for acquired …

Background The outcome of leishmaniasis is an interplay between Leishamania and the
host. Identifying contributory host genetic factors is complicated by the variability in …

HLA-DRB1,-DQB1, TNFα, TNFβ, HSP70-2 and HSP70-hom genetic polymorphisms were
analyzed in 156 unrelated patients who developed mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is a major challenge for visceral
leishmaniasis (VL) control, particularly in Ethiopia where the incidence of both pathogens is …

Many studies have tried to identify genetic markers for infectious diseases, some of them
have focused on human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The products of HLA genes interact with …