The ability to determine the location of a sound source is fundamental to hearing. However,
auditory space is not represented in any systematic manner on the basilar membrane of the …

The arrival times of a sound at the two ears are only microseconds apart, but both birds and
mammals can use these interaural time differences to localize low-frequency sounds …

Detection of interaural time differences underlies azimuthal sound localization in the barn
owl Tyto alba. Axons of the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis, and their targets in the …

▪ Abstract Behavioral, anatomical, and physiological approaches can be integrated in the
study of sound localization in barn owls. Space representation in owls provides a useful …

The inferior colliculus (IC) represents a midbrain structure which integrates information from
many ascending auditory pathways, descending corticotectal projections and intercollicular …

1. Recent studies have suggested that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inputs shape
monaural and binaural neuronal response properties in the central nucleus of the inferior …

The auditory nerve of birds and mammals exhibits differences and similarities, but given the
millions of years since the two classes diverged from a common ancestor, the similarities are …

Located in the ventrolateral region of the avian brainstem, the superior olivary nucleus
(SON) receives inputs from nucleus angularis (NA) and nucleus laminaris (NL) and projects …

Neurons of the owl's nucleus laminaris serve as coincidence detectors for measurement of
interaural time difference. The discharge rate of nucleus laminaris neurons for both …

The circuit from the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis to the nucleus laminaris supports the
encoding and measurement of interaural time differences in the auditory brainstem …