Virtually all plants and animals, including humans, are home to symbiotic microorganisms.
Symbiotic interactions can be neutral, harmful or have beneficial effects on the host …

Nutritional symbionts play a major role in the ecology and evolution of insects. The recent
accumulation of knowledge on the identity, function, genomics, and phylogenetic …

For over 300 million years, insects have relied on symbiotic microbes for nutrition and
defence. However, it is unclear whether specific ecological conditions have repeatedly …

As global biodiversity continues to reduce at an alarming rate, threatened species are
increasingly being brought under intensive management or into captivity. However, current …

Covering: through 2014 Many organisms team up with microbes for defense against
predators, parasites, parasitoids, or pathogens. Here we review the described protective …

Development of insecticide resistance has been a serious concern worldwide, whose
mechanisms have been attributed to evolutionary changes in pest insect genomes such as …

The worldwide resurgence of bed bugs [both Cimex lectularius L. and Cimex hemipterus
(F.)] over the past two decades is believed in large part to be due to the development of …

Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as an important model of non-pathogenic host–
microbe interactions. The genetic and experimental tractability of Drosophila has led to …

Herbivory, defined as feeding on live plant tissues, is characteristic of highly successful and
diverse groups of insects and represents an evolutionarily derived mode of feeding. Plants …

Every plant species examined to date harbors endophytic fungi within its asymptomatic
aerial tissues, such that endophytes represent a ubiquitous, yet cryptic, component of …