Pesticides are important chemicals or biological agents that deter or kill pests. The use of
pesticides has continued to increase as it is still considered the most effective method to …

Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are fourth generation pesticides, which emerged after
organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates and they are widely used in vegetables …

Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used in both urban and agricultural settings around
the world. Historically, neonicotinoid insecticides have been viewed as ideal replacements …

Neonicotinoid insecticides have become the fastest growing class of insecticides over the
past few decades. The insecticidal activity of neonicotinoids is attributed to their agonist …

The development of insecticide resistance in insect pests is a worldwide concern and
elucidating the underlying mechanisms is critical for effective crop protection. Recent studies …

Permethrin (PER), the most frequently used synthetic Type I pyrethroid insecticide, is widely
used in the world because of its high activity as an insecticide and its low mammalian …

Fipronil (FIP) is widely used across the world as a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole
insecticide and veterinary drug. FIP was the insecticide to act by targeting the γ-aminobutyric …

As important aquaculture species worldwide, shrimps and crabs are thermophilic animals
with a feeble thermoregulation ability. Changes in environmental factors are the main …

Biomonitoring using birds of prey as sentinel species has been mooted as a way to evaluate
the success of European Union directives that are designed to protect people and the …

Imidacloprid (IMI) is widely used in agriculture, and is toxic to non-target aquatic species.
Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables that exhibits anti-oxidant …