Executive summary Despite substantial progress in reducing the global impact of many non-
communicable diseases, including heart disease and cancer, morbidity and mortality due to …

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex, heterogeneous mixture that changes in time and
space. It encompasses many different chemical components and physical characteristics …

Ambient air pollution increases the risk of respiratory mortality, but evidence for impacts on
lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is less well established …

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only affected health and economics,
but also its effect extended to include other aspects, such as the environment. Using Egypt …

Background Information on the effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter with
an aerodynamic diameter of 2· 5 μm or less (PM 2· 5) on lung health is scarce. We aimed to …

Urban air pollution is a serious worldwide problem due to its impact on human health. In the
past 60 years, growing evidence established a correlation between exposure to air …

The chronic impact of ambient air pollutants on lung function in adults is not fully understood.
The objective of this study was to investigate the association of long-term exposure to …

Rationale: Although cigarette smoking is the most important cause of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), a substantial proportion of COPD cases cannot be explained by …

Efforts to understand and mitigate the health effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution
have a rich and interesting history. This review focuses on six substantial lines of research …

The health effects of air pollution have been subject to intense study in recent years.
Exposure to pollutants such as airborne participate matter and ozone has been associated …