Accepted: 22 November 2022 Direct Current (DC) motors need control and reliability to
enhance their performance. The most used controller is PID. However, due to the empirically …

Abstract The application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gray Wolf Optimization
(GWO) as meta-heuristic techniques for cost optimization of composite beams (CBs) was …

The current work aims to simulate the operation of the electric motor in one of the most
important industrial applications, which is printers, by adopting stepper motors (SM). The …

Most engineering drive applications, such as robotics, use induction motors (IMs) with
complex and unpredictable behaviors [1]. Feedback control algorithms have consistently …

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have gained prominence for their superior efficiency,
reliability, and extended lifespan due to the absence of brushes. PID controllers effectively …

The integration of hybrid energy sources, such as batteries and supercapacitors, in off-grid
photovoltaic installations is of crucial importance. This method promotes energy autonomy …

The equivalent of electricity has recently been used to replace all the wear-prone moving
mechanical components that produce faults. The electronic unit that substitutes the …

DC brushless motors have exceptional characteristics in terms of their speed and torque
capabilities. But this outstanding performance comes at the price of potential disturbances …

The electrical vehicle is blossoming technology and numerous mathematical modellings
were proposed in the digital era. The core parts of electric vehicles are Brush Less DC Motor …

Accepted: 17 November 2022 The equivalent of electricity has recently been used to replace
all the wear-prone moving mechanical components that produce faults. The electronic unit …