H9N2 avian influenza viruses have become globally widespread in poultry over the last two
decades and represent a genuine threat both to the global poultry industry but also humans …

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate globally, spilling over into domestic poultry and
causing zoonotic infections in humans. Fortunately, AIVs are not yet capable of causing …

Influenza viruses need to use sialic acid receptors to invade host cells, and the α-2, 3 and α-
2, 6 sialic acids glycosidic bonds linking the terminal sialic acids are generally considered to …

Through annual epidemics and global pandemics, influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain a
significant threat to human health as the leading cause of severe respiratory disease. Within …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the H9 subtype are enzootic in Asia, the Middle East, and parts
of North and Central Africa, where they cause significant economic losses to the poultry …

Influenza A virus (IAV) genome comprises eight negative-sense RNA segments, of which the
replication is well orchestrated and the delicate balance of multiple segments are …

H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate globally in poultry and have become the
dominant AIV subtype in China in recent years. Previously, we demonstrated that the H9N2 …

Decades have passed since the first discovery of H10-subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) in
chickens in 1949, and it has been detected in many species including mammals such as …

Influenza A viruses (IAV) are widespread viruses affecting avian and mammalian species
worldwide. IAVs from avian species can be transmitted to mammals including humans and …

The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has become endemic in poultry globally;
however due to its low pathogenicity, it is not under primary surveillance and control in many …