Roads, railways and rail transit lines play major roles in transporting passengers and freight.
In the design process for such transportation infrastructures, the alignment determination …

The design and planning of railway alignments is the dominant task in railway construction.
However, it is difficult to achieve self‐learning and learning from human experience with …

Railway design is complex and closely linked to environmental concerns. To solve this
problem, a two-stage method considering three categories of environmental factors …

Railway alignment optimization should consider multiple environmental factors. Especially
considering the changing climate, low-carbon design is crucial in alignment development …

The construction cost and crash cost of the highway are contradictory, but there is an optimal
balance between them. This study focused on the best balance point by microadjusting the …

Mountain railway alignment design is an important but complex civil engineering problem.
To overcome the drastically undulating terrain, long tunnels and high bridges are major …

Determinations of alignments and station locations are major tasks in railway design, which
jointly and fundamentally influence the construction and operation of the whole project …

Due to their characteristics and multiple objectives, high-speed rail (HSR) projects carry
more complex risks than conventional projects and high correlation and conductivity are …

Railways are greatly threatened by geological hazards whose disastrous effects include
severe economic losses as well as serious casualties. It is vital to properly account for such …

Mountain railway alignment optimization is known as a very complex engineering problem
that should consider many factors, such as drastically undulating terrain, geological hazard …