This paper reviews the scientific motivation and challenges, development, and use of
underwater robotic vehicles designed for use in ice-covered waters, with special attention …

Many of the world's volcanoes are hidden beneath the ocean's surface where eruptions are
difficult to observe. However, seismo‐acoustic signals produced by these eruptions provide …

When Harry Hess first proposed the theory of seafloor spreading, he imagined that mantle
peridotite upwelling at midocean ridges reacted with water to form a serpentinite oceanic …

Volcanic eruptions shape Earth's surface and provide a window into deep Earth processes.
How the primary asthenospheric melts form, pond and ascend through the lithosphere is …

Bathymetry (seafloor depth), is a critical parameter providing the geospatial context for a
multitude of marine scientific studies. Since 1997, the International Bathymetric Chart of the …

Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) enter into environmental metric via various pathways in
the process of manufacturing and consuming the products containing PFASs. Yuqiao …

Subduction of oceanic crust and the formation of volcanic arcs above the subduction zone
are important components in Earth's geological and geochemical cycles. Subduction …

Lithological and isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle archive the mantle's melting history and
fingerprint crustal recycling processes coupling the deep Earth with the terrestrial biosphere …

Seismic observations in volcanically active calderas are challenging. A new cabled
observatory atop Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca ridge allows unprecedented real-time …

The abundance of volatile compounds, and particularly CO2, in the upper oceanic mantle
affects the style of volcanic eruptions. At mid-ocean ridges, eruptions are generally …