The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an essential and universally distributed family of
enzymes that plays a critical role in protein synthesis, pairing tRNAs with their cognate …

Abstract tRNAs, nexus molecules between mRNAs and proteins, have a central role in
translation. Recent discoveries have revealed unprecedented complexity of tRNA …

Heat causes protein misfolding and aggregation and, in eukaryotic cells, triggers
aggregation of proteins and RNA into stress granules. We have carried out extensive …

Although the genetic code is redundant, synonymous codons for the same amino acid are
not used with equal frequencies in genomes, a phenomenon termed “codon usage bias.” …

Faithful translation of mRNA into the corresponding polypeptide is a complex multistep
process, requiring accurate amino acid selection, transfer RNA (tRNA) charging and mRNA …

Methionine in proteins, apart from its role in the initiation of translation, is assumed to play a
simple structural role in the hydrophobic core, in a similar way to other hydrophobic amino …

As the adaptor that decodes mRNA sequence into protein, the basic aspects of tRNA
structure and function are central to all studies of biology. Yet the complexities of their …

The origins and evolution of the ribosome, 3–4 billion years ago, remain imprinted in the
biochemistry of extant life and in the structure of the ribosome. Processes of ribosomal RNA …

tRNA (tRNA) is a key molecule used for protein synthesis, with multiple points of stress-
induced regulation that can include transcription, transcript processing, localization and …

The translation machinery and the genes it decodes co-evolved to achieve production
throughput and accuracy. Nonetheless, translation errors are frequent, and they affect …