Biofilms consist of microbial communities embedded in a 3D extracellular matrix. The matrix
is composed of a complex array of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that contribute …

Biofilms are surface-associated bacterial communities that play both beneficial and harmful
roles in nature, medicine, and industry. Tolerant and persister cells are thought to underlie …

Biofilm formation in living organisms is associated to tissue and implant infections, and it has
also been linked to the contribution of antibiotic resistance. Thus, understanding biofilm …

The fascinating patterns of collective motion created by autonomously driven particles have
fuelled active-matter research for over two decades. So far, theoretical active-matter …

Biofilm formation is initiated by adhesion of individual bacteria to a surface. However,
surface adhesion alone is not sufficient to form the complex community architecture of a …

Bacteria often live within matrix-embedded communities, termed biofilms, which are now
understood to be a major mode of microbial life. The study of biofilms has revealed their vast …

Surface-attached bacterial biofilms are self-replicating active liquid crystals and the
dominant form of bacterial life on Earth,,–. In conventional liquid crystals and solid-state …

Biofilms are a widely observed growth mode in which microbial communities are spatially
structured and embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Here, we focus on the model …

Bacteria commonly live attached to surfaces in dense collectives containing billions of cells.
While it is known that motility allows these groups to expand en masse into new territory …

In nature, bacteria primarily live in surface-attached, multicellular communities, termed
biofilms,,,,–. In medical settings, biofilms cause devastating damage during chronic and …