Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) greatly increases the risk for liver cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV isolates worldwide can be divided into ten genotypes …

The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is enormous, with 257 million persons
chronically infected, resulting in more than 880,000 deaths per year worldwide. HBV exists …

Molecular epidemiologic studies reveal remarkable differences in the geographical
distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes. The frequency of mutants among HBV …

At least 10 hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes (A to J) with distinct geographic distributions
and several HBV mutants, including precore/core promoter mutations and pre-S/S deletion …

Since 1982, safe and effective hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines have been commercially
available first derived from plasma of HBV infected persons and later from yeast cells using …

Members of the family Hepadnaviridae fall into two subgroups: mammalian and avian. The
detection of endogenous avian hepadnavirus DNA integrated into the genomes of zebra …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a diverse, partially double-stranded DNA virus, with 9 genotypes
(A–I), and a putative 10th genotype (J), characterized thus far. Given the broadening interest …

Novel variants generated by recombination events between different hepatitis B virus (HBV)
genotypes have been increasingly documented worldwide, and the role of recombination in …

Over the years, the pace of developing vaccines for HBV and HPV has never stopped. After
more than 30 years of application, the HBV vaccine has reduced 80% of hepatocellular …

Recent interest in the origins and subsequent evolution of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has
strengthened with the discovery of ancient HBV sequences in fossilized remains of humans …