Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Vaccination represents the best line of defense against infectious diseases and is crucial in
curtailing pandemic spread of emerging pathogens to which a population has limited …

Clonal haematopoiesis involves the expansion of certain blood cell lineages and has been
associated with ageing and adverse health outcomes,,,–. Here we use exome sequence …

Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves
pathological complete response in breast cancer. To understand why only a subset of …

Cancer vaccines, which are designed to amplify tumour-specific T cell responses through
active immunization, have long been envisioned as a key tool of effective cancer …

mRNA vaccines elicit a potent immune response including antibodies and cytotoxic T cells.
mRNA vaccines are currently evaluated in clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy …

Dendritic cells (DCs) form a remarkable cellular network that shapes adaptive immune
responses according to peripheral cues. After four decades of research, we now know that …

The germinal center (GC) reaction produces high-affinity antibodies by random mutation and
selective clonal expansion of B cells with high-affinity receptors. The mechanism by which B …

Although much progress has been made in the understanding of the ontogeny and function
of dendritic cells (DCs), the transcriptional regulation of the lineage commitment and …

Polyethylenimine (PEI) has recently been widely studied for the design of nucleic acid
delivery vehicles. Gene delivery using PEI involves condensation of DNA into compact …