Epidemiological sex differences in anxiety disorders and major depression are well
characterized. Yet the circuits and mechanisms that contribute to these differences are …

The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly
debated topics in the scientific community and popular media. This debate is largely fueled …

Humans display reproducible sex differences in cognition and behavior, which may partly
reflect intrinsic sex differences in regional brain organization. However, the consistency …

The impact of two mouse models is reviewed, the Four Core Genotypes and XY* models.
The models are useful for determining if the causes of sex differences in phenotypes are …

Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular
neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors …

Humans show reproducible sex-differences in cognition and psychopathology that may be
contributed to by influences of gonadal sex-steroids and/or sex-chromosomes on regional …

This paper is part of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of founding of the journal
Hormones and Behavior, the official journal of the Society for Behavioral …

This review aims to give an overview of what has been discovered so far and what still
needs to be analyzed about how sex and gender affect the disease development. These two …

The amygdala and hippocampus are two adjacent allocortical structures implicated in sex-
biased and developmentally-emergent psychopathology. However, the spatiotemporal …

Evolution of genetic mechanisms of sex determination led to two processes causing sex
differences in somatic phenotypes: gonadal differentiation and sex chromosome dosage …