The temporomandibular joints (TMJs) play crucial roles in mastication and jaw mobility, and
in verbal and emotional expression. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) include several …

It has become increasingly apparent that women suffer a disproportionate amount of pain
during their lifetime compared to men. Over the past 15 years, a growing number of studies …

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) undergoes degenerative changes among patients who
suffer from arthritis, and yet the pathogenesis of TMJ osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is …

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) affect women with greater frequency than men,
and sex hormones may contribute to this female predominance. Therefore, this study …

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) predominantly affect reproductive female patients,
with pain the most frequent complaint. Although estrogens are believed to play important …

Objective Women of childbearing age are more likely than men to experience
temporomandibular disorders, with pain as the main symptom. Temporomandibular joint …

The mechanism of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), which leads to the final
erosion of cartilage and subchondral bone, has been widely demonstrated, but still not …

The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is higher in females, reaching their
high peak during reproductive years, probably because of the action of some female …

Background The present study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with
temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods A total of 3362 TMD patients were included …

Background The Universal Pain Assessment Tool (UPAT) was used to assess the level of
pain in people with limited communication skills. The UPAT enables clinicians to consult a …