The nosocomially acquired pathogen Clostridium difficile is the primary causative agent of
antibiotic associated diarrhoea and causes tens of thousands of deaths globally each year …

Highlights•Genes for mucus-forming mucins are widespread in insect midguts.•Insects lack
the mannose 6-phosphate-depending lysosomal targeting mechanism.•Xenobiotic …

New approaches have led to advances in the molecular knowledge of digestion and nutrient
absorption in insects. Cell fractionation with proteomics revealed the molecular composition …

Abstract Background The harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae),
native to Asia, has been introduced to other major continents where it has caused serious …

Background Larvae of the tenebrionids Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum have
highly compartmentalized guts, with primarily cysteine peptidases in the acidic anterior …

We previously described the most highly expressed enzymes from the gut of the red flour
beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as cathepsins L. In the present study, two C1 family-specific …

The mass recruitment to the midgut contents of lysosomal proteolytic enzymes occurred in
insects under three major selective pressures. Hemipteran (true bugs, aphids, and cicadas) …

Wheat gliadins contain a large amount of glutamine-and proline-rich peptides which are not
hydrolyzed by human digestive peptidases and can cause autoimmune celiac disease and …

Cysteine peptidases (CP) play a role as digestive enzymes in hemipterans similar to serine
peptidases in most other insects. There are two major CPs: cathepsin L (CAL), which is an …

Cathepsin L protease belongs to the papain-like cysteine proteases family, plays
indispensable roles in animals' pathological and physiological processes. However, little is …