Between the 1960s and 1980s, most life scientists focused their attention on studies of
nucleic acids and the translation of the coded information. Protein degradation was a …

▪ Abstract The conjugation of ubiquitin to other cellular proteins regulates a broad range of
eukaryotic cell functions. The high efficiency and exquisite selectivity of ubiquitination …

Following the discovery of protein modification by the small, highly conserved ubiquitin
polypeptide, a number of distinct ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) have been found to function …

Activation of the p53 protein protects the organism against the propagation of cells that carry
damaged DNA with potentially oncogenic mutations. MDM2, a p53-specific E3 ubiquitin …

The gene TP53, encoding p53, has a common sequence polymorphism that results in either
proline or arginine at amino-acid position 72. This polymorphism occurs in the proline-rich …

Stability and localization of p53 is essential for its tumor suppressor function. Ubiquitination
by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 is the major regulatory mechanism of p53, which induces …

Although early studies have suggested that the oncoprotein Mdm2 is the primary E3
ubiquitin ligase for the p53 tumor suppressor, an increasing amount of data suggests that …

Smad7 is an inhibitory Smad that acts as a negative regulator of signaling by the
transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily proteins. Smad7 is induced by TGF-β …

p53 protects against cancer through its capacity to induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis
under a large variety of cellular stresses. It is not known how such diversity of signals can be …

Although Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination is essential for both degradation and nuclear export
of p53, the molecular basis for the differential effects of Mdm2 remains unknown. Here we …