Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Lysosomes are the main proteolytic compartments of mammalian cells comprising of a
battery of hydrolases. Lysosomes dispose and recycle extracellular or intracellular …

Lysosomes are acidic compartments filled with more than 60 different types of hydrolases.
They mediate the degradation of extracellular particles from endocytosis and of intracellular …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Abstract Macroautophagy (hereafter called 'autophagy') is a cellular process for degrading
and recycling cellular constituents, and for maintenance of cell function. Autophagy initiates …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosomes are physically and/or
functionally linked, establishing close contact sites between these organelles. As a …

The organellar two-pore channel (TPC) functions as a homodimer, in which each subunit
contains two homologous Shaker-like six-transmembrane (6-TM)-domain repeats. TPCs …

Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a complex role in orchestrating diverse cellular processes,
including cell death and survival. To trigger signaling cascades, intracellular Ca2+ is …

Mammalian two-pore channels (TPCs) regulate the physiological functions of the
endolysosome. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human TPC2 (HsTPC2), a …

Autophagy serves as the sole catabolic mechanism for degrading organelles and protein
aggregates. Increasing evidence implicates autophagic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease …