Simple Summary The interchangeable usage of the words “personality”,“temperament” and
“behavioral syndromes” in animal behavior research has often led to confusion. In this …

Organisms are constantly under selection to respond effectively to diverse, sometimes rapid,
changes in their environment, but not all individuals are equally plastic in their behaviour …

Examining the relevance of 'animal personality'involves linking consistent among-and within-
individual behavioural variation to fitness in the wild. Studies aiming to do this typically …

The evolution of many animal colours is thought to be driven by selection from visually
guided predators. Yet research has largely focused on large vertebrate predators such as …

Recent research has explored links between cognition and personality, with prominent
hypotheses proposing that personality drives consistent individual differences in cognitive …

Phenotypic traits are important to consider when examining behaviour because they can
help explain behavioural trait variation. Behaviours such as exploration, boldness, and …

Context There is growing recognition of the importance of animal personality in wildlife
ecology and management. Individuals that differ consistently in their behaviours from others …

Flexibility in behavior is advantageous for organisms that transition between stages of a
complex life history. However, various constraints can set limits on plasticity, giving rise to …

How has evolution led to the variation in behavioural phenotypes (personalities) in a
population? Knowledge of whether personality is heritable, and to what degree it is …

Between‐individual variation in behavioural phenotype, termed personality, is an important
determinant of how populations cope with acute environmental fluctuation related to climate …