A multi-component force sensing system, capable of monitoring multiple components of
force terms along x-, y-, and z-axis (F x, F y, and F z) and the moments terms about x-, y-, and …

Continuum robots navigate narrow, winding passageways while safely and compliantly
interacting with their environments. Sensing the robot's shape under these conditions is …

During cardiac surgery, the excessive or insufficient contact force between the tip of catheter
and heart tissue will lead to the cardiac penetration or noneffective ablative lesion. Usually …

In vitreoretinal surgery, membrane peeling is a prototypical task where a layer of fibrous
tissue is delaminated off the retina with a micro-forceps by applying very fine forces that are …

The presence of force feedback in medical instruments has been proven to reduce tissue
damage. In order to provide force feedback, information about the interaction forces between …

Purpose Retinal vein cannulation is an experimental procedure during which a clot-
dissolving drug is injected into an obstructed retinal vein. However, due to the fragility and …

A highly sensitive optical fiber sensor for the measurement of axial force and refractive index
(RI) is presented. The optical sensor consists of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) based …

Retinal Vein Occlusion is a common retinal vascular disorder which can cause severe loss
of vision. Retinal vein cannulation followed by injection of an anti-coagulant into the affected …

Retinal vein injection guided by microscopic image is an innovative procedure for treating
retinal vein occlusion. However, the retina organization is complex, fine, and weak, and the …

Vitreoretinal surgery requires exceptional precision, stability, and dexterity. The issues
related to retinal surgery include,(a) potential sclera stress and intraocular lens collision …