TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) and BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7), two key
members in the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in CKDs (chronic kidney …

The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most serious complications in
diabetic patients and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, is complex …

Abstract Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) belongs to class II HDAC subfamily and is reported
to be increased in the kidneys of diabetic patients and animals. However, little is known …

Diabetic kidney disease is known as a major cause of chronic kidney disease and end stage
renal disease. Polysulfides, a class of chemical agents with a chain of sulfur atoms, are …

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have contributed to the improvement
of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, the actual mediator of this effect and its role has not …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a profibrotic cytokine found in chronic renal
diseases, which initiates and modulates a variety of pathophysiological processes. It is …

Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is established to be involved in the pathogenesis of
diabetic nephropathy. The diabetic milieu enhances oxidative stress and induces the …

Renal fibrosis is the usual outcome of an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix
(ECM) that frequently occurs in membranous and diabetic nephropathy. The result of renal …

Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular pathways that control the link of
inflammation with organ fibrosis and autoimmune diseases point to the epithelial to …

Kidney disease associated with diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide.
Although established therapeutic strategies, such as appropriate blood glucose control …